The definition of the Hebrew word “Shekar”
Deuteronomy 14:25-26 (KJV)
25 Then shalt thou turn it into money, and bind up the money in thine hand, and shalt go unto the place which the LORD thy God shall choose:
26 And thou shalt bestow that money for whatsoever thy soul lusteth after, for oxen, or for sheep, or for wine, or for strong drink, or for whatsoever thy soul desireth: and thou shalt eat there before the LORD thy God, and thou shalt rejoice, thou, and thine household,
These verses have been a struggle for Bible students for hundreds of years. If you read these words for face value and have no regard for all the other verses in the Bible that condemn the evils of drinking alcohol it appears that these verses give the “green light” of approval to drinking “strong drink”.
I’m afraid these verses say exactly what a huge segment of the religious population want them to say and this is a good reason why the majority of Bible translators have not corrected the wording to give the proper message these verses are trying to give. And I say the “religious population” because the non-religious people in the world who want to drink alcohol could not care less about what the Bible has to say about social drinking. Only people who claim a religious connection to God have a desire to make the Bible approve drinking alcohol. But don’t allow yourself to be fooled by the wording here. These verses do not approve “strong drink” in spite of what the translators have tried to make them say. I intend to show you in a clear and logical way what these verses really say and why they do not support drinking alcohol.
The words in question here and the words that have created a tremendous misunderstanding among religious people for many years are the words “wine” and “strong drink”. And regardless of what English words are used to translate these Hebrew food products, it is obvious that they are meant to be consumed. But if these words are properly translated from the Hebrew to English then this literally flies in the face of every other verse in the Bible where drinking alcohol is condemned.
The first word in question is “wine”. Now I know the meaning of the English word wine and you do too. In English, wine always means “an alcoholic drink”. But here is something you probably didn’t know and very few people take the time to reason this out. The word “wine” is never used in the original Bible; No, not even once. Wine is an English word and the Bible was not written in English. The translators decided the English words to use in place of the Hebrew and the Greek. And for the most part they did a very good job in the words they chose, but using the word “wine” in place of the Hebrew and Greek words was not a good choice. In this case the original Hebrew word that was used here was, “yayin”. Yayin is a generic word, like the Greek word “oinos” which means anything “having to do with the grape”.
The translators of the KJV used the words “wine” and “strong drink” and these words are not proper choices because they change the meaning of what is being said in these verses. But as strange as it may seem, if we left these words as they are, they would prove that this word translated “wine” could not be alcoholic. Isn’t that strange? But look at the sentence and what it was translated to say. It says “wine” and “strong drink”. Now I don’t think the translators noticed what this said and it’s for sure not many people see this in these words but if this translation were to be correct then it would indicate a clear difference in “wine” and “strong drink”. Now this was not intentional and the English words are not good choices, but there really is a different meaning in the original Hebrew words here. However, just to be clear, neither word is referring to drinking alcohol.
Like William Patton, in his book “Bible Wines”, published in 1871, I have full confidence in the translators of the Bible from Hebrew and Greek into the English language. I think they were honest men but were nevertheless unintentionally influenced by the philosophy and the usage of their day. And once their words were inserted into the Bible text it becomes like sacrilege for someone to question and to change the meanings and the words used. You will find other translators and Bible dictionaries using the same meanings and words other translators use. William Patton goes on to say; “We would not distrust much less weaken, confidence in the word of God. We would, however, remind the reader that at times we must consult the text of the original language; that no translation, much less no mere human interpretation, is the ultimate authority. (Page 48)
So the word “yayin” is the Hebrew word in the original text used in Deuteronomy 14:26. And the meaning of yayin is generic and is anything having to do with the grape. This is like the word “oinos” used in the Greek. (See generic words in “Bible Wines, William Patton pages 48-50). Yayin can be alcoholic but it depends on the context to decide the correct meaning. You must never, never “assume” that the meaning of yayin is alcoholic.
The same is true with the word translated “strong drink”. The Hebrew word here is “shekar”. Once again you could find a tremendous amount of research and scholarly information in; (See generic words in “Bible Wines, William Patton pages 48-50). But let me assure you, “shekar” is a generic word like oinos and yayin but it is sweet fruit other than the grape. So like yayin is anything associated with the grape, shekar is anything associated with sweet fruits other than the grape.
Down through the years shekar has been almost universally translated strong drink. The vision that comes to most people’s mind is a drink like “whisky”, “gin” or “vodka” and not wine. Using the words “wine” and “strong drink” gives the impression that a stronger type of alcohol than wine is included. But just a minute here, there is something overlooked in this understanding. Whisky, gin, and vodka had not been invented in the days Moses wrote the book of Deuteronomy. Well now, that makes a difference doesn’t it?
So there you have it. The words translated wine and strong drink are not alcoholic at all in the original Hebrew language and are actually the generic words yayin and shekar. Only the context would determine if these words were to be referring to an alcoholic drink.
Now there is another big question about these verses in Deuteronomy 14. We won’t go into this question in this article but I invite you the reader to ask this question, Why were the Israelites who were not Levites eating the tithes set aside for God? I bring this question to your attention just to show that every verse of Scripture needs your attention when you study the Bible. We should never take Scriptures for granted without thinking carefully about what they mean.
Deuteronomy 14:22-27 (KJV)
22 Thou shalt truly tithe all the increase of thy seed, that the field bringeth forth year by year.
23 And thou shalt eat before the LORD thy God, in the place which he shall choose to place his name there, the tithe of thy corn, of thy wine, and of thine oil, and the firstlings of thy herds and of thy flocks; that thou mayest learn to fear the LORD thy God always.
24 And if the way be too long for thee, so that thou art not able to carry it; or if the place be too far from thee, which the LORD thy God shall choose to set his name there, when the LORD thy God hath blessed thee:
25 Then shalt thou turn it into money, and bind up the money in thine hand, and shalt go unto the place which the LORD thy God shall choose:
26 And thou shalt bestow that money for whatsoever thy soul lusteth after, for oxen, or for sheep, or for wine, or for strong drink, or for whatsoever thy soul desireth: and thou shalt eat there before the LORD thy God, and thou shalt rejoice, thou, and thine household,
27 And the Levite that is within thy gates; thou shalt not forsake him; for he hath no part nor inheritance with thee.
Carl O. Cooper